Essay Proposal The Concept World as Picture - 275 Words

Essay Proposal: The Concept 'World as Picture' (Essay Sample) Content: Name:Instructor:Course:Date:Otherness
In one of the disturbing practices that took place in the 1900 perpetrated by Americans and the European, Africans, Asians and Native Americans would be displayed in zoos, started by Columbus, people that seemed different from the American and European cultures were taken to be inferior, a practice that has found its way into the 20th century (PopularResistance.Org). In this picture is a young child, who is kept in a zoo and the whites are feeding her like an animal in the zoo (Frank). There is a lot that can be said about this picture and the powerful message it passes to the viewers. Like a perfect piece of art it elicits reaction from the viewers as it summarizes the world views in totality (Political Blind Spot).This picture was chosen due to the immense detail that is illustrates about practices that started in the 19th century, some of which are still present in the current society, taking different forms. In the picture, al l the people viewing the little are white. The little girl is small and isolated from the crowd by a fence. There is a direct translation that can be derived from the picture. This is how Americans and the Europeans for a long time have viewed other cultures (Chrisafis). They are seen as inferior and have to be treated with disdain much like the picture indicates; a small African girl isolated from largely white adults and feeding her like a monkey at the zoo. This picture illustrates the theme of otherness as depicted in the class readings. In The Other History of Intercultural Performance, coco and her companion illustrated the colonial tendencies through a se...

The Effects Of Alcoholism On Family, Children, And The...

Around the world there are numerous types of addictions that every type of person suffers from, but there is only one type of addiction that I am interested in discussing today, alcoholism. I am sure that even if your life is not directly affected by the disease, you are at least a little familiar with the basics. In this paper I plan to give you a brief understanding of the three basic issues you should be informed upon so you can make better decisions involving alcohol in the future. First, I will discuss who is at the most risk of falling victim to alcoholism, second, I will discuss the symptoms of alcoholism, and finally I will discuss the impact alcoholism has on family, children, and the individuals suffering from alcoholism. To begin, there are all types of people from every walk of life that become victims of alcoholism. But you may be asking yourself who is at the most risk of developing an addiction to alcohol? Well, the answer to that question depends on several variables like, genetics; high stress, anxiety, or emotional pain; close friends or partners who drink excessively; and sociocultural factors that glorify alcohol (Kail Cavanaugh 341). Taking these factors into account, when it comes to gender, more men than women develop alcoholism (Kail Cavanaugh 341). Now when it comes to ethnic groups, more European Americans and Native Americans are prone to developing alcoholism (Kail Cavanaugh 341). Looking at genetics some people are predisposed, due to theirShow MoreRelatedAlcoholism : A Complex Disorder961 Words   |  4 PagesAlcoholism is a very complex disorder. It is believed that genetics and several other biological factors are likely involved in the materialization of alcohol dependence, alo ng with cognitive behavior, temperament, psychological and sociocultural factors. Alcohol use patterns including alcohol abuse and alcohol dependence are â€Å"familial† in nature (cf. Heath et al., Kendlerm Heath, heath Neale, Kessler Eaves, 1992; Hesselbrock, 1995) Alcohol abuse is a drinking pattern that results In significantRead MoreCauses And Effects Of Alcoholism1194 Words   |  5 PagesCause and effects of Alcoholism Alcoholism has become prevalent throughout time in History. This affliction has brought about several negative effects to the users as well as America’s society in general. Such effects include brain damage or organ failure, separation from family and eventually death. It is not easy to tell if a person abuses alcohol until much later. Alcohol abuse calls for total attention because of the violence-related risks it symbolizes in society. Despite alcohol’s acute harmfulRead MoreAlcohol Abuse Within Native American Societies Essay1303 Words   |  6 PagesSubstance abuse is a topic most prefer not to discuss; it destroys lives, relationships and families all over the world. Native Americans seem to have suffered immensely by it. Since the coming of the Englishmen and the introduction of new knowledge and tools Native people have been trying to hold on to their own culture and their own way of life. Unfortunately with them came new items for consumption, alcohol was one of the main ingredients to the internal downfall of Native populations. NativeRead MoreFamily Systems Theory, By Van Wyck Brooks1208 Words   |  5 Pagesis so soothing to our self-esteem as to find our bad traits in our forebears. It seems to absolve us† (1958). Family Systems Theory forefather, Murray Bowen, would contend that soothing or otherwise, in the absence of systemic reorganization, such â€Å"bad traits† are surely doomed to reappear in future generations. Bowen’s Family Systems Theory (BFST) is based on the assumption that family patterns traverse generations (Curtis, 1999). Referred to as the multigenerational transmission process (MTP),Read MoreThe Health Care Issue And Health Problem1632 Words   |  7 Pagesthat raise a concern is that many people are suffering from alcoholism and are in need of immediate care but cannot afford the proper care. I firmly believe that free outpatient counseling can help those individuals diagnosed with alcoholism be able to steer in a sober direction. Alcohol use across the globe is prevalent and is very harmful to the human population. According to World Health Organization report indicates that sixteen percent of individuals aged fifteen or older engaged in heavy episodicRead More Critical Analysis based on theme: Jhumpa Lahiris Unaccustomed Earth1161 Words   |  5 Pagesthat delves further in the relationships of an American Bengali family dealing with an addiction of a family member, and is expressed through the protagonist Sudha, and her brother Rahul. The conflict of this story is Rahul’s drinking becoming a problem that not only affected him but his family as a whole, and that becomes the struggle between his family and himself. The plot in â€Å"Only Goodness† revolves around an American Bengali family that struggles with their son Rahul who is an alcoholic. RahulRead MoreAlcoholism823 Words   |  4 PagesImagine you are at a family wedding reception where there is alcohol being served. As the night progresses you notice your Uncle Bob frequenting the bar in the corner of the room for nearly one drink after another. He is reaching his limit for liquor he can handle, and you notice him acting increasingly disoriented, obnoxious, and tipsy. The rest of your family watches him as he virtually makes a fool out of himself and comments about him fill the room. He has always been drinking way too much sinceRead MoreThe Effects Of Drug Addiction On Children1506 Words   |  7 PagesIntroduction When an individual is struggling with drug addiction problems, the family is affected physically, mentally, and emotionally. The disease not only changes the addict’s whole life, but it changes the lives of their family members as parents get torn apart from themselves and each other. The role of each family member begins to shape around what is in the best interest of the addict. This research paper is an overview of the effects that raising a drug addicted child has on parent’sRead MoreWorkaholics: Addiction and Scott Russell Sander1021 Words   |  5 PagesLive for the Moments and Take Control Millions of people suffer from life-changing addictions such as alcohol and work. These people are normally called alcoholics and workaholics. Workaholics and alcoholics have few differences, but are similar in many ways. In Scott Russell Sander s essay, Under the Influence, he shows how children of alcoholic parents suffer from self-blame and how such blame can affect them for the rest of their life. Sanders illustrates the troubles he experienced asRead MoreThe Effects Of Long Term Alcohol Use On The Brain1482 Words   |  6 Pagesconsumption were evidenced by beer recipes from Mesopotamia, written in Cuneiform on clay tablets. These tablets are considered one of the earliest forms of written language. Alcohol has long been considered an integral part of society, but its effects on physical and mental health, and social standing continue to be discovered. In order to properly address the immeasurable amount of harm alcohol can create when abused, its image among society and the m edia must shift from glamorization to brutal honesty.

John Leyerle, Jane Chance, And J.r. R. Tolkien - 1422 Words

John Leyerle, Jane Chance, and J.R.R. Tolkien all offer different and valuable insight to their respective depictions of Beowulf’s structure. While Chance and Tolkien are accurate in terms of the representation of the monsters and historical references in Beowulf, Leyerle’s argument offers a more inclusive and whole depiction of Beowulf’s structure. Leyerle describes the structure of Beowulf as interlacing. Leyerle’s essay is more cogent than Chance’s and Tolkien’s through the definition of interlace, the significance of digressions, and historical allusions presented in the poem. Leyerle presents Beowulf’s structure as the interlace structure because, during the Anglo-Saxon period, interlace designs were common in art. Basically, the†¦show more content†¦Also, he goes on to say that these parallels are seen in Beowulf as part of its interlace structure. The parallels in Beowulf are historical in which they compare the past an d the story that is the present. Examples Leyerle provides are the stories sang by the scop. Leyerle uses the story of the kings: Sigemund and Heremod to show an example of parallels. Beowulf’s poet implements this parallel by stating that â€Å"After his death / Sigemund’s glory grew and grew / because of his courage when he killed the dragon, / the guardian of the hoard† (884-886). Sigemund’s story which is set in the past is a parallel to Beowulf, the present because later in the poem, Beowulf is king and he fights a dragon who guards a hoard of treasure. Heremod’s story holds a negative parallel while Sigemund’s story is positive. Heremod is described as a king overruled by pride and greed in which he kills his own people. Heremod’s pride parallels Beowulf’s fatal flaw which is also pride and that it caused his downfall. Heremod also leaves his remaining people to doom and suffer the consequences of his actions. Beowulf mir rors this action through his death by leaving the Geats to face â€Å"national calamity† (Leyerle 146). The use of parallelism is essential to the interlace design both as a style and as a structure. Leyerle explains one of the

Influence Of Writer s Life And Times - 1416 Words

Assignment #1: Influence of Writer’s Life and Times No other period in American history did the civilian population suffer the most financially than in the 1930s. The unemployment level rose to an all-time high, and inflation made it nearly impossible for the common man to afford basic luxuries. It was in this era that John Steinbeck wrote a short story based off of migrant laborers set in his hometown of Salinas. The Great Depression of the 1930s, a decade of hardship and destitution, greatly influenced John Steinbeck and his dismal novella, Of Mice and Men. Steinbeck, though raised in a fairly successful family in Salinas, California, knew what it felt like to scrounge for money. Working as a laborer and journalist in New York City,†¦show more content†¦Wandering around the countryside with nothing but the clothes on their backs and a sack full of personal valuables, these transient workmen were hard hit by the Depression and were forced to travel from job to job to survive. George and Lennie, who journey across California from Weed to Salinas, Steinbeck’s hometown, spend the novella yearning for the American dream, which to them was embodied in owning a small farm together with rabbits and a garden. This fantasy exhibits the two men’s loneliness and longing for stability (Of Mice and Men Synopsis). Steinbeck himself personally suffered these feelings while staying in New York after dropping out of Stanford (John Steinbeck Biography). Similar to the real life hardships of the 1930s, Of Mice and Men did not end happily. Lennie and George’s dream, like many others’, did not come true. The Great Depression, aptly named, grieved countless Americans and filled them with desolation. John Steinbeck experienced the emptiness and the poverty suffered by his characters during his time in New York, and used his understanding to weave together a masterful and doleful story inspired by the Great Depression. Assignment #4: Literary Analysis â€Å"It is my nature† says the Scorpion to the Frog in the aged fable of â€Å"The Scorpion and the Frog†, an allegorical tale with a meaning that parallels Of Mice and Men by John Steinbeck. In the fable, a scorpion wishes to travel across

Summary Of British Tradition, And Then There Were None

Honors British Traditions And Then There Were None JP Suozzi Due: Wednesday, January 10 (a week after we return from Winter Break) Part 1—Create a list of five discussion questions (and sample answers) about the book so we can include them in our class discussions. You will be expected to lead a discussion with at least one of these questions. (Your sample answers should be six to eight sentences in length.) Do you think Wargrave is justified in murdering the guests? I do not think he is. Yes, he believes that all these people are guilty, but his belief that they are guilty does not mean that they are. These people were not convicted because there was no proof that they had done these acts. The system is designed to protect all†¦show more content†¦I am not quite sure why. He had killed everyone he had set out to, he had accomplished his goal, he had committed his murder. Why would he end it all? The only reason I can think of is that he wanted to create the perfect crime. He wanted for the police to never be able to solve the case. The only way he could have done that was to kill himself. However, this contradicts with him throwing the bottle into the sea. There is no clear answer to this question and the only one that could answer it is dead. Who do you believe is the most guilty? I believe, like Justice Wargrave, that Vera Claythorne was the most guilty and deserving of punishment. She did not actually kill him but put him well on the path of death. Also, it was done in cold blood. She killed the boy Ceril only so that her boyfriend would receive inheritance money. Everyone on the island was responsible for the death of one or more people but none of them were as bad as Vera. She killed a child for no reason and this makes he the most guilty. Wargrave was right to kill her last. Part 2—Use these topics to guide your annotations. Your annotations should be written into the book or completed on post-its in the book.  · Guilt  · Justice  · Alliances (How are they made? How are they broken?)  · Character weaknesses/exploitation of weaknesses  · Characterization (both direct and indirect)  · â€Å"Ten Little Indians† poem Part 3—Make the MovieShow MoreRelatedCritique Of `` Michael ``964 Words   |  4 PagesCritique of â€Å"Michael† Wordsworth, William. â€Å"Michael.† In British Literature, compiled by Sandra Brazil, 194-199. Pensacola: A Beka Book, 2010. Summary of Major Ideas In â€Å"Michael,† William Wordsworth attempts to demonstrate the reader about good life lessons throughout the poem. He states that â€Å"Michael† implements Romanticism literary philosophies and characteristics. He supports this claim by showing literary devices throughout the poem. He describes the main point of the story by presentingRead MoreThe Aftermath Of World War I1563 Words   |  7 Pagesadvancements increased the level of uncertainty as military leaders reconsidered the way of war. Consequently, the major powers emerged from the interwar period with great disparity. Although many factors interacted to effect peacetime innovation, none exerted a more dominating influence than the perceived threat, and military culture. Designed to prevent future aggression, the Treaty of Versailles dismantled the German military, stripping its ability to wage war. It reduced the army to 100,000Read MoreBook Review on the Last Manchu1091 Words   |  5 PagesBook Review: The Last Manchu Autobiography of Henry Pu Yi, Last Emperor of China Edited by: Paul Kramer Submitted by: Tiffany Joy A. Candelaria 2 History I. Brief Summary This book is an autobiography of a man who became The Emperor of the Manchu Dynasty, at two years of age, named Henry Pu Yi. He lived a life as an emperor up until China’s government became republic and seized his powers. Until then, he continued his life back in Tientsin and tried to continue his legacy by beingRead MoreEffects Of Africanization In This Side Jordan By Margret1750 Words   |  7 PagesEffects of Africanization in This Side Jordan by Margret Laurence Post-colonial Literary Theory came in to challenge and scrutinize the European theories which were the false perception that they had the universal culture despite the fact that their culture was not able to handle the complexities in the divergent cultures as depicted in the in the postcolonial writings. Therefore, there was the emergence of the indigenous culture developed specifically to accommodate the extremes of the two culturesRead MoreBook Review of Novel-the Canterville Ghost2684 Words   |  11 Pagesforms throughout the 1880s, he became one of Londons most popular playwrights in the early 1890s. Today he is remembered for his  epigrams  and plays, and the circumstances of his imprisonment which was followed by his early death. Wildes parents were successful  Anglo-Irish  Dublin intellectuals. Their son became fluent in French and German early in life. At university Wilde read Greats; he proved himself to be an outstanding classicist, first at  Dublin, then at  Oxford. He became known for his involvementRead MoreThe Indian Act and residential school1974 Words   |  8 PagesThe Indian Act of 1876 and many of its amending statutes contained sections that were discriminatory towards Canadian Native Indians, and that legalized suppression of Indian customs and traditions. In this paper, I will examine how one section of the Act, the one relating to residential schools, contributed to the genocide of Indian culture. Ever since the first Europeans set foot on Canadian soil in the 15th century, they have thought their culture and way of life was superior to that of the NativeRead MoreJohn Dewey s Views On Politics And Human Endeavor1954 Words   |  8 Pagesthose tribes or both. That line of thought is roughly the thought of John Dewey, taken here as a culmination and summary of American Pragmatism. The characterization of pragmatism offered in the book is friendly toward it. Pragmatism, on Pratt’s view, consists of four commitments to principles. These put the American school of thought in opposition to standard tendencies in the traditions of Western philosophy. 1. Things are what they do; or, they are the interactions they have with other things, ratherRead MoreIntroduction. The Benefits Of Training And Developing Teachers1870 Words   |  8 Pagesof the different cultural and academic traditions that presented themselves in the classroom. Aside from the linguistic issues that sometimes resulted in a frustrating reduction in fluency (scripts, modules, and invigilators replacing exam papers, classes, and proctors), there were more significant distinctions, both inside and outside the lecture hall. While there are many directions that this paper could have taken, the four briefly described topics were chosen primarily due to their relevanceRead More Bahrain Essay3152 Words   |  13 Pagesthose entered into by the British Government with the other Persian Gulp principalities. It specified that the ruler could not dispose of any of his territory except to the United Kingdom and could not enter into relationships with any foreign government other than the United Kingdom without British consent. The British promise to protect Bahrain from all aggression by sea and to lend support in case of land attack. After World War II, Bahrain became the center for British administration of treatyRead MoreCanterville Ghost Chapter 1 Summary4143 Words   |  17 Pagestell you, Mr. Otis, that the ghost has been seen by several living members of my family, as well as by the rector of the parish, the Rev. Augustus Dampier, who is a Fellow of Kings College, Cambridge. After the unfortunate accident to the Duchess, none of our younger servants would stay with us, and Lady Canterville often got very little sleep at night, in consequence of the mysterious noises that came from the corridor and the library. My Lord, answered the Minister, I will take the furniture

Data transmission in computer networks Free Essays

Why can beckon with a really low frequence follow the Earth ‘s surface? Why are they non used for informations transmittal in computing machine webs? Answers: Radio moving ridges which are below 2 MHz follow the land. Following are the ground why its happened, Diffraction Current induced in the Earth ‘s surface, which slows moving ridges near the Earth, and because of this moving ridge forepart tilt downward. These can be some ground that why Low frequence are non used for informations transmittal in computing machine webs. We will write a custom essay sample on Data transmission in computer networks or any similar topic only for you Order Now Low frequences – A ; agrave ; lower information rates ( Nyquist/Shannon ) As more power is needed to convey and have low frequences, for this big aerial are needed. Penetration of Lower frequences to stuff is high. Why does the ITU-R lone regulate ‘lower ‘ frequences ( up to some hundred GHz ) and non higher frequences ( in the THz scope ) ? Answers: THz scope frequences, such as infrared, seeable visible radiation, do n’t interfere with other transmittal because ther are are blocked easy when obstructions are nowadayss. So merely the standard safety ordinances applied to the systems. Its non easy to bring forth the higer freuencies when the wireless systems stay beyond the 100 GHz. What are the different attacks in reulation sing nomadic phone systems in Europe and the US? What are the effects? Answers: European attack Classical attack which was that, standardisation and regulate before any merchandises were available. ETSI which is founded by EU authoritiess to harmonise national ordinances. All states had to obey or follow the criterions set by ETSI. American Approach Companies develop the systems, so market success attempt to coerce the criterion, or companies itself try to standardise. FCC is the illustration. Affects of different Approachs Some criterions failed and some succeeded merely in Europe, HIPERLAN 1 ( wholly failed ) , and ISDN ( Succeeded ) . Some become the worldwide ( GSM ) . US attack is better for the most of the systems, i.e. initial merchandises, and after it, standardized. WLAN 802.11 is a good illustration for the USA attack. But criterions about nomadic market which are good established in Europe but its non even known in US. i.e. free roaming, MMS, GPRS roaming. Why is the international handiness of the same ISM bands of import? Answers: International handiness of same ISM set is of import because of Interoperability. big plenty market to do the consumer devices cheap. What are the chief jobs of signal extension? Why do wireless moving ridges non ever follow a consecutive line? Why is contemplation both utile and harmful? Answers: Following are the ground which cause the signal extension, Attenuation Dispersing Diffraction Contemplation Refraction In the presence of big edifices, without multipath extension or contemplation of signal we ca n’t have radio signal. Inter symbol intervention ( ISI ) is due to multipath extension. Why, typically, is digital transition non plenty for wireless transmittal? What are general ends for digital transition? What are typical strategies? Answers: FDM is used worldwide for dividing different systems. So all the wireless system must utilize linear transition for modulating the digital signal onto a bearer frequence. Most of the wireless Stationss want to convey at the same clip, because of this ground all the signal should be transition onto different bearer frequences. Other ground behind digital transition, Antenna and medium features. Features for digital transition are Spectral efficiency Power efficiency Robustness. Typical strategies are Ask PSK FSK What are the chief benefits of a spread spectrum system? How can distributing be achieved? How can DSSS systems profit from multi-path extension? Answers: Benefits of a Spread Spectrum System: Robust against intervention Built-in security Footing for CDMA engineerings If the signal degree is low plenty so it can be used as background of bing systems. By Chiping sequence or frequence hopping ( XORing ) a spot, we can accomplish Spreading. Guard infinites are now the perpendicularity of the splintering sequences or skiping forms. Higher Orthogonality- A ; agrave ; Lower the correlativity of spread signals, or lower the hit chance of frequence skiping systems. To recombining signals going along different waies, DSSS system typically use rake receiving systems. What limits the figure of coincident users in a TDM/FDM system compared to a CDM system? What happens to the transmittal quality of connexions if the burden gets higher in a cell, i.e. , how does an extra user influence the other users in the cell? Answers: Mentions: Jochen Schiller, â€Å" Mobile Communication † , 2nd ed. , Addison-Wesley How to cite Data transmission in computer networks, Essay examples

Debate Alcohol and illicit Drugs

Question: Write about theDebate for Alcohol and illicit Drugs. Answer: Expectant Mothers who abuse Alcohol and/or Illicit Drugs Should be Subject to Mandatory Reporting Requirements for Child Abuse Thank you very much for giving me this opportunity to participate in this debate. I would like to begin by commending you for bringing this topic. Prenatal and antenatal care has been a major issue of concern in healthcare. So, without much ado, I would like to go straight to the point and express that I fully support the motion. I am for the opinion that pregnant mothers who abuse alcohol should be subjected to a mandatory reporting requirement for cases of child abuse (Yeo, Crandell Jones-Vessey 2016). Even though prenatal care should not be forced on anyone, it is necessary to take such measures because of the good of the fetus and the mother as well. The first reason why pregnant mothers using alcohol and other related drugs should be compelled to report is because it can give them an opportunity to learn about the dangers of such drugs to the life of the unborn child. Many parents are not aware that the use of such drugs during pregnancy is very risky because it can cause lifelong challenges to them and the fetus. To the mother, substance abuse during pregnancy can result into poor weight gain and the abruption of the placenta. Worse still, the behavior can cause many challenges to the fetus such as still birth, miscarriage, and Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorder (FASDs). A child with FASDs has physical, mental and behavioral anomalies like small head size, poor coordination, speech delays, shorter body size, low body weight, poor memory, hyperactivity, low IQ, hearing, and vision problems (van der Wulp, Hoving de Vries 2015). These are important information that should be known by all pregnant mothers. Besides, I support the mandatory reporting by the pregnant mothers abusing alcohol and other illicit drugs because it can give them a chance to acquire the necessary medical services aimed at protecting the life of the child. When a pregnant mother visits a healthcare facility for antenatal care, she can get to be screened and tested for alcohol and drug use and related disorders. If is established that she has been engaging in drug use, she should be urged to stop doing so because it can continue exposing the fetus to the aforementioned dangers (Fitzpatrick, Latimer, Ferreira, Carter, Oscar, Martiniuk, Watkins Elliott 2015). At the same time, the healthcare providers can identify, at an earlier time, the most appropriate medical intervention and treatments to provide so as to protect the health of the unborn child. Last, but not least, mandatory reporting should be encouraged because it can enable the pregnant women to acquire counseling skills on how to behave during the entire pregnancy period. It is no doubt that many women are not aware that alcohol consumption can be dangerous to the fetus at any time during pregnancy (Wright, Terplan, Ondersma, Boyce, Yonkers, Chang Creanga 2016). At the same time, women do not know that even small quantities of alcohol, be it beer, wine or spirit, used during pregnancy can be disastrous to the fetus. So, when obliged to report to the authorities, the pregnant mothers do not necessarily get punished, but only get an opportunity to enjoy counseling services for her own good and that of the unborn child (Gardiner, Gutierrez, Luo, Davies, Savage, Bakhireva Perroneà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ Bizzozero 2016). Having said all these, I would like to point out that threats or actual arrest, prosecution and eventual detention of pregnant women can instill fear in women and prevent them from engaging in drug abuse during the pregnancy period. However, the nurses delivering prenatal care should not violate the law, and ethical codes of conduct governing their practice (O'Keeffe, Kearney, McCarthy, Khashan, Greene, North, Poston, McCowan, Baker, Dekker Walker 2015). All issues of informed consent and confidentiality should not be contravened, unless it becomes inevitably necessary to so for the sake of the life of the pregnant woman and the fetus. This can enable the nurses to collaborate with the law enforcers to contribute to the fight against alcohol and drug abuse by the pregnant women. References Fitzpatrick, J.P., Latimer, J., Ferreira, M.L., Carter, M., Oscar, J., Martiniuk, A.L., Watkins, R.E. and Elliott, E.J., 2015. Prevalence and patterns of alcohol use in pregnancy in remote Western Australian communities: The Lililwan Project. Drug and alcohol review, 34(3), pp.329-339. Gardiner, A.S., Gutierrez, H.L., Luo, L., Davies, S., Savage, D.D., Bakhireva, L.N. and Perroneà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ Bizzozero, N.I., 2016. Alcohol Use During Pregnancy is Associated with Specific Alterations in MicroRNA Levels in Maternal Serum. Alcoholism: Clinical and Experimental Research, 40(4), pp.826-837. O'Keeffe, L.M., Kearney, P.M., McCarthy, F.P., Khashan, A.S., Greene, R.A., North, R.A., Poston, L., McCowan, L.M., Baker, P.N., Dekker, G.A. and Walker, J.J., 2015. Prevalence and predictors of alcohol use during pregnancy: findings from international multicentre cohort studies. BMJ open, 5(7), p.e006323. van der Wulp, N.Y., Hoving, C. de Vries, H., 2015. Partners Influences and Other Correlates of Prenatal Alcohol Use. Maternal and child health journal, 19(4), pp.908-916. Wright, T.E., Terplan, M., Ondersma, S.J., Boyce, C., Yonkers, K., Chang, G. and Creanga, A.A., 2016. The role of screening, brief intervention, and referral to treatment in the perinatal period. American journal of obstetrics and gynecology. 28(5), pp.257-287 Yeo, S., Crandell, J.L. and Jones-Vessey, K., 2016. Adequacy of prenatal care and gestational weight gain. Journal of Women's Health, 25(2), pp.117-123.